About the Authors and Editors

Lenore Thomson

Lenore Thomson has a Master of Divinity in Psychology and Religion and has spent over twenty-five years as an author and ghostwriter in the fields of theology and psychoanalysis. Formerly managing editor of 'Quadrant: The Journal of Contemporary Jungian Thought', she taught courses on psychological types and pop culture at the C. G. Jung Foundation in New York. She currently lives and writes in Whitefish Bay, Wisconsin. Lenore's new book, "Personality Type: An Owner's Manual, is scheduled to be released by Shambhala in the very near future. It was intended as a practical book. "Whether you're trying to figure out who you are and what you need to do in life," says the book jacket, "or recognizing that deeper meaning lies beyond what you've already accomplished, this practical book will help you to become aware of your greatest strengths, your opportunities to live them out, and your ability to make the most of your unique potential". But Lenore informs us that the subtext of the book also involves the use of personality type for the purpose of cultural analysis.

Roslyn Kopel Gross

Roslyn Kopel Gross was born in Melbourne, Australia, and lives there still. She has an Honours Arts degree in Hisory with an additional major in English, and a Diploma of Education. She began by teaching high school but soon turned to private tutoring and a number of other jobs.

She has a love for writing and literature and has written poetry and short stories for many years. Her passion is especially for reading and writing fantasy and speculative fiction, and most, though not all, of her prose contains fantasy elements

At university, Roslyn was drawn to the study of ideas, religion and literature. Courses in Comparative Religion which were taught by a Jungian began a life-long fascination with Jungian matters, and years after she began a long Jungian-style therapy which has deeply affected her in many aspects of her life. During this time, she worked on dreams and learned the Jungian technique of active imagination, which has also deeply influenced her writing.

Roslyn became interested in the MBTI from her Jungian experience and was introduced to the enneagram a few years ago. Although she has no trouble seeing herself in the MBTI, she is still struggling in many ways to come to grips with the enneagram. She hopes that through her page on the links between type and writing, her understanding of both will be enriched. In this area, Ros is interested in the interface between Jungian psychology and the enneagram, where Jungian concepts such as the shadow and active imagination, and the insights offered by the nneagram, may well be able to illuminate and enrich each other.

At the moment, Ros is working as an emergency/substitite high school teacher, writing book reviews, articles and short stories, and is also slowly putting together a book on her father’s experiences during the Holocaust. She very much enjoys being involved with several intriguing ideas and projects at the same time and particularly enjoys trying to draw together various threads from her different interests into a meaningful pattern. Ros feels that her interior life is probably more interesting than her outer life, and that some of the people and ideas that are most important and meaningful to her can never be really indicated in a biographical outline like this one.

Michael Huber

Michael Huber is a psychotherapist in private practice. He uses both the Enneagram and the MBTI in his work, and has published several articles on the subject of personality type, including one that appears in the 'collected papers' volume at this web site. His playful and charming movie reviews are always a pleasure to read, and his thoughtful commentaries on the relationship between personality type and a wide range of topics - including art, religion, socio-political systems and therapeutic process - never fail to act as an occasion for new insight into the workings of the human mind.

Authentic, yet always compassionate and personable, Mike is not one to avoid controversy. His unique perspective on issues has stimulated much useful discussion and debate. Mike's deeply spiritual and socially conscious approach to life has put him in a unique position, a vantage point from which he has been able to appreciate and celebrate the human being's capacity for genuine community and free collaborative interchange. It has also made him an acute observer of the malevolent effects that the authoritarian attitude can have on the human spirit.

Walter J. Geldart

Walter Joseph Geldart is an enneagram scholar and writer. His Enneagram of Consciousness was developed with the purpose of integrating the modern enneagram personality type system with the original enneagram process model used by Sufis, Gurdjieff, Ouspensky, and Bennett.

Walter received the Bachelor and Master of Electrical Engineering degrees from McGill (1958) and McMaster (1962), and he retired from Bell Telephone Labs (AT&T) in 1992. He received the Master of Divinity degree (Summa Cum Laude) from New Brunswick Theological Seminary in 1993.

Walter is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). He is a certified MBTI© teacher and a Riso-Hudson Certified Enneagram Teacher (with Honors). He has published several enneagram articles in Enneagram Monthly, Full Circle (Enneagram Institute), the Enneagram and the MBTI, and the IEEE Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Walter is a member of the IEA's 'Realizing the Potential' team lead by Donald Fowke.

For some more personal observations on Walter and the qualities that contribute to his indomitable spirit and seemingly limitless capacity for exploring the outer fringes of creative theory-making, please see the article on Walter's 'fifth function' in this issue. And for more information about how he developed the 'Enneagram of Consciousness', see his essay on that subject.

Pat Dinkelaker

Pat holds an advanced degree in management and organizational development from Antioch New England Graduate School. She is a consultant, educator, and scholar in that field, who has extensive hands-on experience in all facets of management and organizational development - including financial management; program development, administration, and evaluation; strategic planning; staff recruitment and supervision; and team-building. She has worked in various capacities, and at all levels of organization over the past 30 years - as director of programs delivering essential social services, supervising contract management teams that oversee multiple multi-million dollar contracts, developing and installing complex computer information systems, and as the executive director of an agency whose mission is the empowerment of women and girls and the elimination of racism.

For a seven year period, as an adjunct faculty member with Antioch New England, Pat supervised graduate students in designing practicums in the field of organizational development and management. A member of the Association for Psychological type, she is certified to administer the MBTI, which she regularly uses as a management tool in her own organization and in her consulting practice. Secure in her knowledge of the traditional management techniques and practices, and her competence in the application of these, Pat has developed a unique management style that she sees as a much-needed 'feminine' alternative to the way the field is normally approached, and a natural consequence of having deeply honored her own culturally-devalued personality type (INFP/Nine).

Working closely with John Fudjack, and her son, Andrew Dinkelaker - a social ecologist and union organizer - she has focused her efforts as a consultant on non-standard forms of organization associated with the under-represented personality types. Pat is a long-time advocate of diversity in the workplace. With the assistance of Andrew and John, Pat has helped others to use non-hierarchical structures, operate according to the principles of participatory democracy and consensus decision-making, and organize in ways that promote individual empowerment and 'collaborative actualization' - a term coined by Pat to suggest that profound spiritual and personal development in the individual is best fostered in a supportive COMMUNITY. She feels that this is especially true, as Andrew has demonstrated in a Master's thesis on the subject, of communities which are deeply 'democratic' - a word that he has defined in terms of a characteristic organizational form capable of simultaneously engendering personal autonomy and social cohesion.

Pat, Andrew, and John have come to believe that these forms of organization are especially effective because they encourage individuals to utilize ALL of their mental capacities, including those that are currently undervalued, undeveloped, and underutilized in standard organizations - feeling and intuition. They have presented workshops and papers on this topic at professional conferences, and for small groups, and are putting together a book on the subject.

Pat has also trained extensively with Natalie Rogers and others at the Person-Centered Expressive Therapy Institute, where she has had the opportunity to explore the use of various art forms in inner personal work and group work. Natalie Roger's unique approach to expressive arts is based on the quintessentially INFP/ENFP approach to therapy developed by Carl Rogers - it is 'non-directive', 'process-oriented', and 'person-centered'. Pat's work at the Institute has given her a valuable first hand experience of the benefits of genuinely 'facilitative' environments. Her application of these principles to the workplace is a pioneering effort.

John Fudjack

John's educational background is in the philosophies of mind, science, and religion. In the early 1970s, he worked with C.O. Evans to present a model of consciousness that was hailed by philosopher H.D.Lewis as more helpful than a similar work written on that topic by Karl Popper, and more likely to be useful to the scientist. The model construes consciousness as a complex phenomenon in which 'objects of attention' are selectively brought into the explicit focus of awareness of the individual against a background or context that is less directly experienced as an 'underlying feeling state' in the 'subsidiary awareness' of the individual. Using the model that they created, Evans and Fudjack critiqued the prevailing model of consciousness in the West (which they called the 'spotlight model'), as it manifested in the works of Freud, Jung, and others. In their work they turned special attention to Milton Erickson, whose hypnotherapeutic techniques they believe to be best explained in terms of theparadigm they were suggesting.

Encouraged by Erickson to put the model into practical use, John later founded a non- profit educational institute and dedicated his efforts to the design and implementation of innovative educational programs based on the model. Serving individuals with extreme behavior problems, he counseled children and their families, and worked as an educational consultant to schools, residential facilities, and community groups on various projects that carefully incorporated Ericksonian techniques and similar methods of his own creation into the structural design of remedial and therapeutic programs.

John was also the director of the first 'respite' program in the U.S., serving families with individuals who had severe and multiple disabilities, and the largest Family Supports Program in New York State. He has acted as adjunct at various colleges, and has taught meditation to individuals at Buddhist centers, in professional training programs, and in universities. He works with Pat and Andrew Dinkelaker as a part-time management consultant specializing in deeply democratic organizational forms, and is currently occupied with work on various manuscripts.

John became a Buddhist in 1963, beginning formal studies and practices at that time. He has been intensely involved in these activities ever since. Having studied under the tutelage of Chogyam Trungpa Rinpoche, Kalu Rinpoche, and Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, he had done various meditation retreats and practices when he was invited in the 1980s to attend a traditional Tibetan 3-year retreat.

John first became interested in personality studies in the late 1960s, when he came across the work of Theodore Adorno on authoritarian personality, and the characterological studies of Wilhelm Reich. In the 1970s he was introduced to a personality typology associated with Tibetan Buddhism. Based on the (pre-Jungian) Tibetan mandala teachings, it connects everyday personality traits and 'conflicting emotions' to particular forms of 'wisdom' into which they can be transformed through specific advanced spiritual practices. In the mid-1980s John came across the MBTI, which he began to use as a management tool, for the purpose of team-building. With the appearance of Palmer's first book in the late 1980s, he incorporated the Enneagram into his typological repetoire, believing it to be unique in its capacity to describe some of the DYNAMICS of ordinary personality change. In 1994, he was inspired by Pat Dinkelaker's work and collaborated with her on a study of organizational forms and their relationship to personality type. They focused on an exploration of the organizational structures that honor the culturally undervalued personality types, forms that are conducive to spiritual actualization, individual autonomy, and community. They continue to be particularly interested in the phenomenon that Pat named 'collaborative actualization', and in articulating the meta-psychological principles on which a genuinely 'socio-spiritual' psychology might be constructed.

John's interest in the relationship between the Enneagram and the MBTI was a natural by-product of these other activities. He was presented with the opportunity to publish early (1989) thoughts on the deeper spiritual meaning of the enneagram, when, after introducing the enneagram to Jack Labanauskas and Andrea Isaacs in 1994, they created the 'Enneagram Monthly'. That piece now appears as one of the 'collected papers' at this web site, along with other articles that John and Pat have since written on the subject.